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By Javier Villegas Fernández

Poetry (Greek ποίησις 'creation' < ποιέω 'crear') es un género literario en el que se recurre a las cualidades estéticas del lenguaje, más que a su contenido. Es una de las manifestaciones artísticas más antiguas. La poesía se vale de diversos artificios o procedimientos: a nivel fónico-fonológico, como el sonido; semántico y sintáctico, como el ritmo; o del encabalgamiento de las palabras, así como de la amplitud de significado del lenguaje. Para algunos autores modernos, la poesía se verifica en el encuentro con cada lector, que otorga nuevos sentidos al texto escrito. De antiguo, la poesía es también considerada por muchos autores una realidad espiritual que está más allá del arte; según esta concepción, la calidad de lo poético trascendería el ámbito de la lengua y del lenguaje. Para el común, la poesía es una forma de expresar emociones, sentimientos, ideas y construcciones de la imaginación. Aunque antiguamente, tanto el drama como la épica y la lírica se escribían en versos medidos, el término poesía se relaciona habitualmente con la lírica, que, de acuerdo con la Poética de Aristóteles, es el género en el que el autor expresa sus sentimientos y visiones personales. En un sentido más extenso, se dice que tienen «poesía» situaciones y objetos que inspiran sensaciones arrobadoras o misteriosas, ensoñación o ideas de belleza y perfección. Tradicionalmente referida a la pasión amorosa, la lírica en general, y especialmente la contemporánea, ha abordado tanto cuestiones sentimentales como filosóficas, metafísicas y sociales. Sin especificidad temática, la poesía moderna se define por su capacidad de síntesis y de asociación. Su principal herramienta es la metáfora; es decir, la expresión que contiene implícita una comparación entre términos que naturalmente se sugieren unos a los otros, o entre los que el poeta encuentra sutiles afinidades. Algunos autores modernos han diferenciado metáfora de imagen, palabras que la retórica tradicional emparenta. Para esos autores, la imagen es la construcción de una nueva realidad semántica mediante significados que en conjunto sugieren un sentido unívoco y a la vez distinto y extraño. El Día Internacional de la Poesía es el 21 de marzo

rhythmic art of combining words is not the only thing that distinguishes the poetry of the narrative, but until the mid-nineteenth century was the best way to differentiate the two genres. Versification takes into account the extension of the verses, the internal stress and the organization in stanzas.

Rhyme (coincidence of syllables end in subsequent verses or alternate) is another element of rhythm, like alliteration, which is the repetition of sounds in the verse, as in this de Góngora: "infamous mob of nocturnal bird ' , which repeats the sound ur and assonance played a rhyme inside the line between outrageous and poultry. The rhyme is in line when all the letters of the last syllable agree on two or more lines next. It's called assonance when only match the vowels.

Poetry in English will be measured by the number of syllables in each line, unlike Greek poetry and Latin, whose foot unit of measure, combination of short and long syllables (the iambic, the combination simplest, is a foot consisting of a short syllable and a long one). In Latin poetry verses were often six feet.

For the number of syllables, there are English-language poetry verses of up to 14 syllables, the Alexandrians. Very often the octosyllabic in folk poetry, especially in the song. The Manrique couplets are based on the scheme, eight syllable verses, although sometimes seven, topped by a pentasyllable. This form is called "song of broken foot." Syllabic irregularity is common, even in traditional poetry. For example, in poetry verse of eleven syllables can be found some ten or nine.

The stanzas (groups of verses) regular, two, four, five or even eight or more lines correspond to the more traditional forms. The sonnet, one of the most difficult classical forms, consists of fourteen lines, usually heroic verse (eleven syllables) divided into two quartets and two triplets (stanzas of four and three lines), with various forms of alternate rhymes.

The alternation of stressed syllables (accented) and unstressed (unaccented) contributes greatly to the rhythm of poetry. If the accents occur at regular intervals (eg every two, three or four syllables), this reinforces the musicality of the poem. Is regularly maintained throughout a poem, it achieves an effect very similar to the musical beat.

twentieth-century poetry has dispensed with the regular meter and, above all, of the rhyme. However, alliteration, accent and, sometimes, assonance rhyme, they keep the musical roots of gender poetic.

The role of poetry in the XXI century is of vital importance as it is coupled with technological and scientific progress. Poetry emerging new trends, new forms of manifestation, as: Biopoesia, Metapoesía, poetry ecologist transmodernity among others.

In some remote corner of the universe sparkling, scattered in innumerable solar systems, there once was a star on which clever animals invented knowledge. He was arrogant and deceitful minute of "world history": but, ultimately, just a minute. After brief respite from the sun nature froze and intelligent animals had perish. Someone could invent such a fable, but even so, there would have illustrated sufficiently how wretched, how shadowy and decrepit, how sterile and arbitrary is the state in which the human intellect appears in nature. There were eternities in which did not exist back when it was over for him not to have happened at all, since for that intellect no further mission that would lead beyond human life. (F. Nietzsche "On Truth and Lies")

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